Shabbat or Saturday?

Shabbat or Saturday ?

Daniel ben Ya’acov Ysrael

In this paper, we will examine the Shabbat according to the Torah and see if the Shabbat presented today known under the Gregorian Name “Saturday” is the same Shabbat.

I will encourage everyone to pray before reading asking Yehowah for understanding and patience to read to the End of this paper before coming to a conclusion which might not be the right one.

Last point we always need an open mind, and readiness of correction if we see that we are wrong. This has been my case in different occasion, and with a positive attitude, I came out always in much better way.

Today majority of the brethren will tell you that they are in the truth and are know what the Torah has to say. Yes may be, but is this enough to walk in the truth?

Today we will see that this is not so. The knowledge of the scriptures alone, will not make one walk in the truth, even if the truth remains the truth, but let us read:

Read what Sha’ul/Paul write:
Rom 12:2  And do not be conformed to this world, but be transformed by the renewing of your mind, so that you prove what is that good and well-pleasing and perfect desire of Elohim.

Sha’ul/Paul tells  us that we are in need to renew our mind, he was speaking to the believers in Rome, knowing that the mind of many has been already spoiled by the Greco-roman culture. I explain in one of the parasha the way to renew the mind is to push something new into it, and that is the Torah.

But let us start and see and scrutinize the scriptures:
Gen 1:14  And Elohim said, “Let lights come to be in the expanse of the heavens to separate the day from the night, and let them be for signs and appointed times, and for days and years,

Signs:
H226 אוֹת 'owth (oth) n-f.

1. a signal (literally or figuratively), as a flag, beacon, monument, omen, prodigy, evidence, etc

Appointed times :

H4150 מוֹעֵד מוֹעֵד מוֹעָדָה mow`ed (mo-ade') (or moled {mo-ade'} or (feminine) moweadah (2 Chronicles 8) n-m.

1. (properly) an appointment, i.e. a fixed time or season

2. (specifically) a festival

3. (conventionally) a year

4. (by implication) an assembly (as convened for a definite purpose)

5. (technically) the congregation

6. (by extension) the place of meeting

7. (also) a signal (as appointed beforehand)

Days :

H3117 יוֹם yowm (yome) n-m.

1. a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an associated term), (often used adverb)

Years :

H8141 שָׁנֶה שָׁנָה shaneh (shaw-neh') ((in plura or (feminine) shanah {shaw-naw'}) n-f.

1. a year (as a revolution of time)

The four reasons, Yehowah created the moon and the sun was :
For signs, as a flag or a signal, for appointed times, season, feast, assembly for a definite purpose, for days space of time (24hrs), and for years, a revolution of time.
We will discover this revolution of time in specific occasions.
The word here for “moon” is the Hebrew word:
H3394 יָרֵַח yareach (yaw-ray'-akh) (or Yrechow) n-m.

1. the moon

From :
H3391 יֶרַח yerach (yeh'-rakh) n-m.

1. a lunation, i.e. month

A lunation understood as a month period.

We find the word « yareach » for the first time to indicate the moon planet:

B’reshit/Gen 37: 9 And he dreamed yet another dream, and told it his brethren, and said, Behold, I have dreamed a dream more; and, behold, the sun and the moon (yareach) and the eleven stars made obeisance to me.

D’varim/Deut.4 : 19 And lest thou lift up thine eyes unto heaven, and when thou seest the sun, and the moon (yareach), and the stars, even all the host of heaven, shouldest be driven to worship them, and serve them, which YHWH thy Elohim hath divided unto all nations under the whole heaven

Now we will look places where the word Months and New Moon appears :

B’reshit 7 :11 In the six hundredth year of Noah's life, in the second month (chodesh), the seventeenth day of the month, the same day were all the fountains of the great deep broken up, and the windows of heaven were opened.
B’reshit 38: 24 And it came to pass about three months (chodesh) after, that it was told Judah, saying, Tamar thy daughter in law hath played the harlot; and also, behold, she [is] with child by whoredom. And Judah said, Bring her forth, and let her be burnt.

The birth of Moshe :
Sh’mot 2 :1 And there went a man of the house of Levi, and took [to wife] a daughter of Levi. 2 And the woman conceived, and bare a son: and when she saw him that he [was a] goodly [child], she hid him three months (chodesh).

Sh’mot 12: 18 In the first [month], on the fourteenth day of the month (chodesh) at even, ye shall eat unleavened bread, until the one and twentieth day of the month (chodesh) at even.

We can find the word « chodesh » as month or months 255 times in the TaNaHk

New Moon:

1 Sam.20: 5 And David said unto Jonathan, Behold, to morrow [is] the new moon(chodesh), and I should not fail to sit with the king at meat: but let me go, that I may hide myself in the field unto the third [day] at even.

Psalm 81 :1 To the chief Musician upon Gittith, [A Psalm] of Asaph. Sing aloud unto God our strength: make a joyful noise unto the God of Jacob.¹  2 Take a psalm, and bring hither the timbrel, the pleasant harp with the psaltery. 3 Blow up the trumpet in the new moon (chodesh), in the time appointed, on our solemn feast day.

Yeshyahu/Is.23 And it shall come to pass, that from one new moon (chodesh) to another, and from one Sabbath to another, shall all flesh come to worship before me, saith YHWH.

Yechezki’el/Hezek.46 : 1 Thus saith the Master YHWH; The gate of the inner court that looketh toward the east shall be shut the six working days; but on the Sabbath it shall be opened, and in the day of the new moon (chodesh) it shall be opened.

We can find the word « chodesh » for “New Moon” or “moons” 20 time in the TaNaHk.

Yehowah has set the moon and the sun for witness of the signs, appointed times, days and years.
In the time of Noach and much later even in the time of Sh’lomo (Salomon), the months were 30 days long as we can read in the book of B’ershit:
B’reshit 7: 11 In the six hundredth year of Noah's life, in the second month, the seventeenth day of the month, the same day were all the fountains of the great deep broken up, and the windows of heaven were opened……………………………..
24 And the waters prevailed upon the earth an hundred and fifty days.

B’reshit 8: 3 And the waters returned from off the earth continually: and after the end of the hundred and fifty days the waters were abated.

B’reshit 8 : 4 And the ark rested in the seventh month, on the seventeenth day of the month, upon the mountains of Ararat.

We see here that the five month from the second the seventeenth of the month and the seventh month on the seventeenth of the month, cover a period of 150 days or 5x 30 days.

We can see clearly that the month start at “chodesh” and run for 30 days.
Chodesh
H2320 חוֹדֶשׁ chodesh (kho'-desh) n-m.

1. the new moon

2. (by implication) a month

From
H2318 חָדַשׁ chadash (khaw-dash') v.

1. to be new

2. causatively, to rebuild

New Moon or Month in the sense of « to rebuild », this is the same word used for the New Covenant (Brit Chadasha):
Yrmeyahu.31: 31 Behold, the days come, saith YHWH, that I will make a new (chadash) covenant (briyth) with the house of Israel, and with the house of Judah:

We will see later when the change occured to have what soem call Adar II or B Adar. But let us go further.
The perfect calendar had an unchangeable structur: Chodes (New Moon and New Month) thus for 12 times in the year, until a certain period which will be look at later in this paper.

Please before having any objection read to the End and after that you will decide.

Gregorian Solar Calendar

From creation until after Sh’lomo up to  King Hezekiah, the Calendar had 354 days

Moon and Sun running their course simultaneously.

The change in the calendar:
King Hezekiah was to die and Yehowah told him tha he will be healed.

2Ki 20:8  And Ḥizqiyahu said to Yeshayahu, “What is the sign that יהוה does heal me, and that I shall go up to the House of יהוה the third day?”

2Ki 20:9  And Yeshayahu said, “This is the sign for you from יהוה, that יהוה does the word which He has spoken: shall the shadow go forward ten degrees or go backward ten degrees?”

2Ki 20:10  And Ḥizqiyahu said, “It would be easy for the shadow to go down ten degrees; no, but let the shadow go backward ten degrees.”

2Ki 20:11  And Yeshayahu the prophet cried out to יהוה, and He brought the shadow ten degrees

Yehowah brought the Sun 10 degrees back. Now let us make a bit arithmetic:
A day has 24 hours

A circle has 360 degrees

360 : 24 = 15 degrees. So 1 hour = 15 degrees. 10 degrees is the 2 third.
1 hr = 60 minutes divided by 3 third and time 2 third = 40 minutes.
Every day the sun go 40 minutes later than the moon.
40 x 30 days = 1200 minutes x 12 months = 14 400 minutes x 3 years = 43 200 minutes

43 200 minutes divided by 60 (minutes) = 720 hours, divided by 24 hours/day = 30 days.
Now we know that since King Hezekiah the year was in need to add a 13 month every 3 years in order to keep the seasons

LUNI-SOLAR Calendar:

Seasons (Appointed time):

H4150 מוֹעֵד מוֹעֵד מוֹעָדָה mow`ed (mo-ade') (or moled {mo-ade'} or (feminine) moweadah (2 Chronicles 8) n-m.

1. (properly) an appointment, i.e. a fixed time or season

2. (specifically) a festival

Because only the sun was moved backward, the moon remained in its orbit. This brought now  the moon to turn in 29.5 days compare to the sun orbit. The Sun now turned from 354 to 365 days and a bit more (The Gregorian calendar adding 1 days every 4 years)

The Moon calendar is perfect and is rebuild every 29.5 days after the conjunction which give us a perfect 30 days month as we have seen previously in the first picture

1 Samuel 20: 5 And David said unto Jonathan, Behold, to morrow [is] the new moon (chodesh), and I should not fail to sit with the king at meat: but let me go, that I may hide myself in the field unto the third [day] at even.
We have seen that « chodesh »  is used for « month, or months » and for « New Moon ».

David told Yehonathan, that the next day it will be “New Moon”. David knew, because it was a day before the Shabbat, the last from the month.

In this time the New Moon was a day of worship and will be again when Mashiach will restore Yehowah’s Kingdom as we can read:
Isa 66:23  “And it shall be that from New Moon to New Moon, and from Sabbath to Sabbath, all flesh shall come to worship before Me,” declares יהוה.

Yehowah fore told that He would make His people to forget the New Moon AND the Shabbats:
Lamentation 2: 5 YHWH was as an enemy: he hath swallowed up Israel, he hath swallowed up all her palaces: he hath destroyed his strong holds, and hath increased in the daughter of Judah mourning and lamentation 6 And he hath violently taken away his tabernacle, as if it were of a garden: he hath destroyed his places of the assembly: YHWH hath caused the solemn feasts and Sabbaths to be forgotten in Zion, and hath despised in the indignation of his anger the king and the priest.

Hoshea 2 : 10 And now will I discover her lewdness in the sight of her lovers, and none shall deliver her out of mine hand 11 I will also cause all her mirth to cease, her feast days, her new moons, and her Sabbaths, and all her solemn feasts.

Hoshea 5 : 14 For I will be unto Ephraim as a lion, and as a young lion to the house of Judah: I, even I, will tear and go away; I will take away, and none shall rescue him.

The prophet Daniel tells us how it will come:
Daniel 2: 23 Thus he said, The fourth beast shall be the fourth kingdom upon earth, which shall be diverse from all kingdoms, and shall devour the whole earth, and shall tread it down, and break it in pieces. 24 And the ten horns out of this kingdom are ten kings that shall arise: and another shall rise after them; and he shall be diverse from the first, and he shall subdue three kings. 25 And he shall speak great words against the most High, and shall wear out the saints of the most High, and think to change times and laws: and they shall be given into his hand until a time and times and the dividing of time.

The fourth Kingdom is Rome
This Kingdom started NOT with Constantine, but much earlier and during this period the Calendar changed many times.
The Julian Calendar
The Julian Calendar is named for its creator, Julius Caesar. Among the offices he held, Caesar was Pontifex Maximus, the highest Roman priest. The calendar was the province of the priests because it was they who annually picked the dates of the religious festivals. By 46 B.C., what should have been autumn harvest festivals were lining up with the summer. This would be a problem because you can't harvest what hasn't yet grown. When Caesar returned from Egypt to Rome that year, he fixed the Roman calendar, probably based on what he'd learned from the astronomer Sosigenes of Alexandria, in Egypt.

The year of Caesar's fix was a mess: about 445 days long*. Some called it "the year of confusion," according to the William Smith, A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, entry on the calendar. Macrobius (A.D. 395-423), the Roman grammarian known for describing the Roman winter holiday of Saturnalia, had a different label for 46 B.C. He called it the last year of confusion.

By the time of Augustus (ruled c. 31 B.C. - A.D. 14), the newly-reformed calendar already required fine tuning. Secondly, the calendar is not exactly 365.25 days. It's a few minutes shy of that, a problem the Gregorian Calendar fixed by reducing the number of leap years.

Caesar probably lined up New Year's Day with the Kalends (the 1st day) of January. The Kalends of January is roughly the time when daylight is at its shortest. New Year's Day had, earlier in Roman history, been March 1, although alongside the official religious calendar, there had been a secular calendar that started in January.

Plutarch in his biography of Numa writes:

"That the Romans, at first, comprehended the whole year within ten, and not twelve months, plainly appears by the name of the last, December, meaning the tenth month; and that Martius was the first is likewise evident, for the fifth month after it was called Quintilis, and the sixth Sextilis, and so the rest; whereas, if Januarius and Februarius had, in this account, preceded Martius, Quintilis would have been fifth in name and seventh in reckoning."

"It was also natural that Martius, dedicated to Mars, should be Romulus's first and Aprilis, named from Venus, or Aphrodite, his second month; in it they sacrifice to Venus, and the women bathe on the calends, or first day of it, with myrtle garlands on their heads."

In his Fasti 2.48-54, Ovid says that January became the start of the year under thedecemviri.
"Early Roman Chronology and the Calendar," by Van L. Johnson. The Classical Journal, Vol. 64, No. 5 (Feb., 1969), pp. 203-207

Ancien Roman Calendar (8 days week)

The Roman calendar changed its form several times in the time between the foundation of Rome and the fall of the Roman Empire. This article generally discusses the early Roman or 'pre-Julian' calendars. The calendar used after 46 BC is discussed under the Julian calendar.
Saturn’s day was the first, with the Sun’s day as second. In case you missed it, here is the relevant portion of the quote above.

“Beginning on the first day with the planets in order, the first hour would be Saturn's, the second Jupiter's, the seventh the Moon's, the eighth Saturn's again, and so on. Continuing thus, the twenty-fifth hour, i.e. the first hour of the second day, and consequently the second day itself, would belong to the Sun;”

The planet that ruled the first hour of a day, ruled the day itself and was named for that planet. Hence, if Saturn ruled the first hour of the first day, the first day would be named after Saturn, i.e., Saturn’s Day. The first hour of the second day was ruled by the Sun, so the second day was ruled by the sun, carrying its name, the Sun’s Day. 
 “Between the 1st and 3rd centuries the Roman Empire gradually replaced the eight day Roman nundinal cycle with the seven-day week.”³⁰

This Roman nundinal calendar was a “market calendar” based upon an eight day cycle, the days being signified by letters, A to H. In the first century AD, they began to adopt a seven day week, which they borrowed from Egypt. 

In this borrowed Egyptian calendar of seven days, the days were name after the seven known celestial bodies, Saturn, Jupiter, Mars, Sun, Venus, Mercury, Moon. These bodies were ordered from the farthest to the closest to the Earth, beginning with Saturn. 
In order to keep the calendar year roughly aligned with the solar year, a leap month of 27 days, the Mensis Intercalaris, sometimes also known as Mercedonius or Mercedinus, was added from time to time at the end of February, which was shortened to 23 or 24 days. The resulting year was either 377 or 378 days long.

The Roman Republic, like the Etruscans, used a "market week" of eight days, marked as A to H in the calendar. A market was held on the eighth day. For the Romans, who counted inclusively, this was every ninth day, hence the market became called "nundinae".

Since the length of the year was not a multiple of 8 days, the letter for the market day (known as a "nundinal letter") changed every year. For example, if the current letter for market days was A and the year was 355 days long, then the letter for the next year would be F.

The market cycle was a fundamental rhythm of daily life, and the market day was the day that country people would come to the city.

For this reason, a law was passed in 287 BC (the Lex Hortensia) that forbade the holding of meetings of the comitia (for example to hold elections) on market days, but permitted the holding of legal actions. In the late republic, a superstition arose that it was unlucky to start the year with a market day (i.e. for the market day to fall on 1 January, with a letter A), and the pontiffs, who regulated the calendar, took steps to avoid it.

Because the market cycle was absolutely fixed at 8 days under the Republic, information about the dates of market days is one of the most important tools we have for working out the Julian equivalent of a Roman date in the pre-Julian calendar.

In the early Empire, the Roman market day was occasionally changed. The details of this are not clear, but one likely explanation is that it would be moved by one day if it fell on the same day as the festival of Regifugium, an event that could occur every other Julian leap year. When this happened the market day would be moved to the next day, which was the bissextile (leap) day.

The modern seven-day week came into use during the early imperial period, after the Julian calendar came into effect, apparently stimulated by immigration from the Roman East. For a while it coexisted alongside the old 8-day nundinal cycle, and fasti are known which show both cycles. It was finally given official status by Constantine in 321.

The days of the week were dedicated to the seven planets. They were (note the similarities of some of the days with French and Spanish and other Romance languages):

• Sunday - Dies Solis (day of the sun)
• Monday - Dies Lunae (day of the moon)
• Tuesday - Dies Martis (day of Mars)
• Wednesday - Dies Mercuri (day of Mercury)
• Thursday - Dies Iovis (day of Jupiter)
• Friday - Dies Veneris (day of Venus)
• Saturday - Dies Saturni (day of Saturn)

Character of the Day - An aspect of the Roman calendar that is quite unfamiliar to us is that each day had a "character", which was marked in the fasti. The most important of these were dies fasti, marked by an F, on which legal matters could normally be heard, dies nefasti, marked by an N, on which they could not, and dies comitiales, marked by a C, on which meetings of the public assemblies known as 'comitia' were permitted, subject to other constraints such as the 'Lex Hortensia.' A few days had a different character, e.g. EN ('endotercissus' or perhaps 'endoitio exitio nefas'), a day in which legal actions were permitted on half of the day only, and NP, which were public holidays.

The Julian Calendar was reformed after the 8 B.C.E. and  inforced by Constantine during the council of Nicaea in 321 B.C.E.

The Name Gregorian was the latest work of Pope Gregor :
The Gregorian calendar, also called the Western calendar and the Christian calendar, is internationally the most widely accepted and usedcivil calendar.^[1][2][3] It has been the unofficial global standard for decades, adopted for pragmatic interests of international communication, transportation, and commercial integration, and recognized by international institutions such as theUnited Nations and the Universal Postal Union.^[4]

The calendar was a reform in 1582 to the Julian calendar.^[5] The motivation for the reform was to bring the date for the celebration of Easter to the time of the year in which the First Council of Nicaea had agreed upon in 325. Because the spring equinox was tied to the celebration of Easter, the Roman Catholic Church considered this steady movement in the date of the equinox undesirable. The reform was adopted initially by the Catholic countries of Europe.Protestants and Eastern Orthodox countries continued to use the traditional Julian calendar and adopted the Gregorian reform after a time, for the sake of convenience in international trade. The last European country to adopt the reform was Greece as late as 1926.(source Wikipedia)

Now today many pretend that keeping the Shabbat on Saturday which is indeed the 7^th days of the pagan Gregorian calendar is the true Shabbat! (don’t worry I was among those saying that)
And what about the Jews Orthodox who kept the Torah since ever?

I am sorry to say that they also are following the pagan Gregorian Calendar!
Hillel II, (Hebrew: הלל נשיאה, Hillel the Nasi) also known simply as Hillel held the office of Nasi of the ancient Jewish Sanhedrin between 320 and 385 CE. He was the son and successor of Judah III. He was a Jewish communal and religious authority, circa 330 - 365 CE. 

Rabbinic tradition ascribes to him an enactment which proved of incalculable benefit to his coreligionists of his own and of subsequent generations. The Jewish calendar is lunisolar. That is, its months are synchronized with the phases of the moon, but its average year length approximates the mean length of a solar year. The purpose of the latter is to ensure that the festivals, all of which occur on fixed dates of the lunar months, are also observed each year in the seasons designated for them in the Bible. To ensure the former, occasional intercalations of a day in a month were required; to ensure the latter, occasional intercalations of an extra month in a year were required.

These intercalations were determined at meetings of a special committee of the Sanhedrin. But Constantius II, following the precedents of Hadrian, prohibited the holding of such meetings as well as the vending of articles for distinctly Jewish purposes.

The entire Jewish community outside the land of Israel depended on the calendar sanctioned by the Judean Sanhedrin; this was necessary for the unified observance of the Jewish holidays. However, danger threatened the participants in that sanction and the messengers who communicated their decisions to distant congregations. Temporarily, to relieve the foreign congregations, Huna ben Abin once advised Rava not to wait for the official intercalation: When you are convinced that the winter quarter will extend beyond the sixteenth day of Nisan declare the year a leap year, and do not hesitate (R. H. 21a). But as the religious persecutions continued, Hillel decided to provide an authorized calendar for all time to come, though by doing so he severed the ties which united the Jews of the diaspora to their mother country and to the patriarchate.

The emperor Julian the Apostate was gracious to Hillel, whom he honored on a number of occasions. In an autograph letter to him, Julian assured him of his friendship and promised to ameliorate further the condition of the Jews. Before setting out for the war with Persia, Julian addressed to the Jewish congregations a circular letter in which he informed them that he had "committed the Jewish tax-rolls to the flames," and that, "desiring to show them still greater favors, he has advised his brother, the venerable patriarch "Julos", to abolish what was called the 'send-tax'".^[1]

In the Fourth century the Jewish community adopted the Roman calendar 7 days week in placed their feats according to the Roman Calendar  using the watching of the New Moon for the Feats. The adding of the third month was changed by using the metonic system, named after the Greek philosopher Meton.

Question, do you still believe that you are keeping the Shabbat when looking at the Saturday in the pagan SOLAR Gregorian calendar?

If your answer is YES, why then do you look at the New Moon to keep the Feast of Yehowah and then turn back to the Gregorian for the Shabbat, thus having sometime the New moon on Friday and the Shabbat on Saturday?

Yehowah Lunar-solar Calendar always start at New Moon (chodesh) a day of worship but not Shabbat followed by 6 days of works and the 7^th days is the Shabbat.
Shabbat fall always on the 8,15, 22 and 29 days of the month. Following this calendar will always  put Yehowah’ s Feast in their right season and  no more confusion.
We are like computer:
Since our birth our mind has been formatted, so that our reflex are to look at the pagan Gregorain saturday to be the right day for Shabbat, which is a LIE.
For information in the first century the week started as the First day on Dei Saturnia to end on deie venerae (Friday).
Which Shabbat kept Yehoshua,
 Our Master kept the perfect calendar of Yehowah and was aware about the 13 month change since King Hezekiah.

Please pray and ask Aba Yehowah to restore your mind before taking decision:
Isa 58:6  “Is this not the fast that I have chosen: to loosen the tight cords of wrongness, to undo the bands of the yoke, to exempt the oppressed, and to break off every yoke?

Isa 58:7  “Is it not to share your bread with the hungry, and that you bring to your house the poor who are cast out; when you see the naked, and cover him, and not hide yourself from your own flesh?

Isa 58:8  “Then your light would break forth like the morning, your healing spring forth speedily. And your righteousness shall go before you, the esteem of יהוה would be your rear guard.

Isa 58:9  “Then, when you call, יהוה would answer; when you cry, He would say, ‘Here I am.’ “If you take away the yoke from your midst, the pointing of the finger, and the speaking of unrighteousness,

Isa 58:10  if you extend your being to the hungry and satisfy the afflicted being, then your light shall dawn in the darkness, and your darkness be as noon.

Isa 58:11  “Then יהוה would guide you continually, and satisfy your being in drought, and strengthen your bones. And you shall be like a watered garden, and like a spring of water, whose waters do not fail.

Isa 58:12  “And those from among you shall build the old waste places. You shall raise up the foundations of many generations. And you would be called the Repairer of the Breach, the Restorer of Streets to Dwell In.

Isa 58:13  “If you do turn back your foot from the Sabbath, from doing your pleasure on My set-apart day, and shall call the Sabbath ‘a delight,’ the set-apart day of יהוה ‘esteemed,’ and shall esteem it, not doing your own ways, nor finding your own pleasure, nor speaking your own words,

Isa 58:14  then you shall delight yourself in יהוה. And I shall cause you to ride on the heights of the earth, and feed you with the inheritance of Yaʽaqoḇ your father. For the mouth of יהוה has spoken!”

The Covenant of Yehowah with His people:
Exo 31:12  And יהוה spoke to Mosheh, saying,

Exo 31:13  “And you, speak to the children of Yisra’ĕl, saying, ‘My Sabbaths you are to guard, by all means, for it is a sign¹ between Me and you throughout your generations, to know that I, יהוה, am setting you apart. Footnote: ¹The only sign of יהוה setting us apart, the only sign of the everlasting covenant, is His Sabbaths, one of them being the seventh day Sabbath. This is repeated in Ezek. 20:12 & 20.

Exo 31:14  ‘And you shall guard the Sabbath, for it is set-apart to you. Everyone who profanes it shall certainly be put to death, for anyone who does work on it, that being shall be cut off from among his people.

Exo 31:15  ‘Six days work is done, and on the seventh is a Sabbath of rest, set-apart to יהוה. Everyone doing work on the Sabbath day shall certainly be put to death.

Exo 31:16  ‘And the children of Yisra’ĕl shall guard the Sabbath, to observe the Sabbath throughout their generations as an everlasting covenant.

Exo 31:17  ‘Between Me and the children of Yisra’ĕl it is a sign forever. For in six days יהוה made the heavens and the earth, and on the seventh day He rested and was refreshed.’ ”

Some question I encounter from those who claim the 7 days week Gregorian calendar:

a)Why? What verses in Scriptures command us to exclude these days (New Moon) in counting a week?

Answer: The prophet Yeshyahu explain that this day of worship will be restored:

Is. 66:23 And it shall come to pass, that from one new moon to another, and from one Sabbath to another, shall all flesh come to worship before me, saith YHWH.

b)In the 40 years the Israelites were eating manna in the wilderness, did manna fall from

heaven or not on the 30th days of biblical months and on the new moon days?

Answer: The day of New Moon it is not forbidden to collect manna in the Torah, it is a day of Whorship, even during Shabbat the Priest were on their duty. The 30 days is not always and is called a astronomical transitional day. As I have explained, it was not so before King Hezekiah the months had all 30 days.

c)Was the first new moon day in Genesis 1, the fourth day (Gen. 1:14-19) excluded by

the Creator from the first week on this earth?

Answer: The first day of the week started not as many think on the 4^th day but AFTER Yehowah put Adam and Chawah out of Gan Eden. B’reshit chapter one is NOT physical but the Master plan of Yehowah revealed to Moshe.

B’reshit 3 :22 And YHWH Elohim said, Behold, the man is become as one of us, to know good and evil: and now, lest he put forth his hand, and take also of the tree of life, and eat, and live for ever: 23 Therefore YHWH Elohim sent him forth from the garden of Eden, to till the ground from whence he was taken. 24 So he drove out the man; and he placed at the east of the garden of Eden Cherubims, and a flaming sword which turned every way, to keep the way of the tree of life. (compare with revelation 21:22)

d)What are the Biblical names of these two days which are excluded from the week?

The First is the “Chodesh” or renewal, the second when present is the transitional day. There was no necessity to mention in the Torah, because all months had 30 days and the calendar was known to all Israelites, and even beyond.

What the Gregorain Calendar advocates forget is that Yehowah gave the Moon AND the sun for sign and for Appointment, for days and for years. Not only the sun like the Gregorian calendar, a pure Solar Calendar.

How come that the same person, look at the Moon to celebrate the Feast of Yehowah and then turn to the Gregorian Saturday to keep their Shabbat, in a 365 days rhythm?

365 :7 = 52,14285714 the year should have been 364 days in order to keep a 7^th day Saturday Shabbat!
QUESTION: how do we adjust the Saturday Shabbat?
Shalom brethren, may Yehowah be our strength to stand. in this time of adversity.

CONCLUSION