The Torah tells us; By 2 or 3 witness a matter is established.
Deu 19:15 One witness shall not rise up against a man for any iniquity, or for any sin, in any sin that he sinneth: at the mouth of two witnesses, or at the mouth of three witnesses, shall the matter be established.
What is a witness?
עד‛ êd
BDB Definition:
1) witness
1a) witness, testimony, evidence (of things)
1b) witness (of people)
A Witness is a person who is present in the moment of the action and can confirm with his own mouth or by written record that he is confirming what is assumed.I will present witnesses from the first century and later who have seen with their own eyes when and how the shabbat was kept. This is not against any true seekers but against those who constantly accuse and mock others.
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Religion > - Lunar Sabbath Truth >
Jewish Writings PROVE Lunar Sabbaths
Everyone agrees that the Messiah kept the right day for the Sabbath during his time on earth. The
Jews of that day kept the right day as well because there was never any kind of disagreement on this
during that time. So we need only to figure out what day the Jews kept in that time period to
determine how to reckon the 7th day Sabbath today. So lets look at the historical record and how the
Jews observed the Sabbath in that time period.
"The New Moon is still, and the Sabbath originally was, dependent upon the lunar cycle . . . ."
("Holidays," Universal Jewish Encyclopedia, p. 410.)
http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/6099-festivals
-The Sabbath, as marking the end of the week, reveals its lunar origin; the phases of the moon
having taught the shepherds, whose weal or wo depended so largely upon the benevolence or
malevolence of the night season, to divide the period elapsing between two new moons into four
equal groups (weeks), the last day of each—in imitation of the moon's coming to rest, as it were—
becoming the day of rest. Indications are not wanting that at first the New Moon festival was not
counted among the seven days of the week; but after 7✗4 (=28) days had elapsed, one or two days
were intercalated as New Moon days, whereupon a new cycle of four weeks began, so that the
Sabbath was a movable festival. Later the week and the Sabbath became fixed; and this gradually resulted in taking away from the New Moon festival its popular importance.
-Classification of Feastivals
(2) Those connected with the moon: (a) Sabbath;
http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/12962-sabbath#anchor11 -
Probable Lunar Origin.—Critical View:
-The origin of the Sabbath, as well as the true meaning of the name, is uncertain...
-It was probably originally connected in some manner with the cult of the moon, as indeed is suggested by the frequent mention of
Sabbath and New-Moon festivals in the same sentence...
-The Sabbath depending, in Israel's nomadic period, upon the observation of the phases of the moon, it could not, according to this
view, be a fixed day. When the Israelites settled in the land and became farmers, their new life would have made it desirable that the
Sabbath should come at regular intervals, and the desired change would have been made all the more easily as they had abandoned
the lunar religion.
It's amazing that these confessions come straight from the Jewish encyclopedia. It specifically says that the Sabbath was originally by
the phases of the moon and was not a fixed day like it is today. They try to justify this by saying the Israelites were coming out of a
moon cult and that when the Sabbath was turned into a fixed day, that was the proper intent by God. That is an amazing confession.
The moon cult spin, is obviously false as God taught the Israelites the true lunar Sabbath and lunar calendar from the beginning of its
journey out of Egypt.
http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/14813-week
WEEK Connection
with LunarPhases.
-A
division of time comprising seven days, thus explaining the Hebrew name. There are indications of the use of another system of reckoning time, in which the month was divided into three parts of ten days each, the decade being designated in Hebrew by the term "'asor" (Gen.xxiv. 55; comp. The commentaries of Dillmann and Holzinger ad loc.;
Ex.xii. 3;
Lev. xvi.29, xxiii. 27, xxv. 9). This apparently represented one-third of the solar month, while the week of seven days was connected with the lunar month, of which it is, approximately, a fourth. The quadripartie division of the month was evidently in use among the Hebrews and other ancien peoples; but it is not clear whether it originated among the former. It is unnecessary to assume, how ever, that it was derived from the Babylonians, for it is equally possible that observations of the four phases of the moon led the Hebrew nomads spontaneously and independently to devise the system of dividing the interval between the successive new moons into four groups of seven days each. There is ground, on the other hand, for the assumption that both among the Babylonians and among the Hebrews the first day of the first week of the month was always reckoned as coincident with the first day of the month.The emphasis laid on the requirement (Lev. xxiii. 15) that the weeks of Pentecost should be "complete" ("temimot") suggests that weeks
might be reckoned in such a way as to violate this injunction. This was the case as long as the first day of the first week of the
month was made to coincide with the new moon. At the end of four weeks an interval of one or two days might intervene before
the new week could begin. At an early date, however, this intimate connection between the week and the moon must have
been dissolved, the chief cause of the fixed week of seven days being, in all probability, the predominance of the seventh
day as the Sabbath.
Wow, wow, and let me just say WOW! It's unbelievable that all of this is in the Jewish Encyclopedia. The Jews, in the know, actual
admit this stuff. They know the Sabbath was never a continuous weekly cycle. They tell you out in the open that the Sabbath was
originally by the phases of the moon.
"Declaring the new month by observation of the new moon, and the new year by the arrival of spring, can only be done by the
Sanhedrin. In the time of Hillel II [4th century A.D.], . . . the Romans prohibited this practice. Hillel II was therefore forced to institute his
fixed calendar . . . ." ("The Jewish Calendar; Changing the Calendar," www.torah.org.)
ttRabbi Louis Finklestein, a well-known scholar from the Jewish Theological Seminary of America, emphatically stated: "The present
Jewish calendar was fixed in the fourth century."
Maimonides, a Medieval Jewish scholar, and most other Jewish chronologers agree that the modern Jewish calendar is based upon
the "mean motions of the sun and moon, the true [calendar] having been set aside." (Maimonides, Kiddusch Ha-hodesch.)
Philo of Alexandria
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Philo of Alexandria was a prominent Jew that lived from approximately 20 BC to 50 AD. So not only did he live before the Messiah, he
lived during and after as well. We know that Philo's writings and beliefs are consistent with the Jews beliefs because he was hand
picked by the Jews of that time to head a Jewish delegation to represent the Jews in a massacre that had occurred against the Jews in
39 AD. We know that Sabbath observance is a staple in Jewish belief. The Jews would not have selected someone to represent them
had that person not kept the correct day for the Sabbath. If Philo kept the lunar Sabbath while everyone else kept the Sabbath
according to a continuous weekly cycle, then Philo would be an outcast among his people and would never be considered for such a
prominent position to represent them. So how did Philo reckon the 7th day Sabbath?
Philo is very clear in the fact the he observed lunar Sabbaths. He never once mentions anything about a continuous weekly cycle or a
Saturday Sabbath. He observed the New Moon and emphasized its importance as well. We are also able to gain much information and
confirmation of the scriptures from his writings about the finer details about how God's calendar works. We should not ignore eye
witness testimony from prominent Jewish leaders of that time period that very plainly explain to us from recorded history how things
were done. This is excellent corroborative evidence to the scriptures and further PROOF of the lunar Sabbath.
In Allegorical Interpretation, 1 IV (8), it says…
“Again, the periodical changes of the moon, take place according to the number seven, that star having the greatest sympathy
with the things on earth. And the changes which the moon works in the air, it perfects chiefly in accordance with its own
configurations on each seventh day. At all events, all mortal things, as I have said before, drawing their more divine nature from the
heaven, are moved in a manner which tends to their preservation in accordance with this number seven. … Accordingly, on the
seventh day, Elohim caused to rest from all his works which he had made.” …
Notice that Philo says the moon is perfect in its shape or appearance at seven day intervals. Had a Hebrew speaking Israelite written
this he would have said “it perfects chiefly in accordance with its own configurations on each Sabbath day instead of each “seventh”
day because elsewhere in his writings, Philo identifies that when he mentions the seventh day [of the week] he is speaking of the
Sabbath. Above, he tells us that the moon perfects its own configurations on each seventh day. It was understood, that at the end
each period of six work days there would be a weekly Sabbath. The Greek speaking Jews referred to the Sabbath as the seventh day
or the sacred seventh day, while in the language of the Hebrews it was termed Shabbat, or the Sabbath.
The Decalogue XXX (159),
“But to the seventh day of the week he has assigned the greatest festivals, those of the longest duration, at the periods of the
equinox both vernal and autumnal in each year; appointing two festivals for these two epochs, each lasting seven days; the one which
takes place in the spring being for the perfection of what is being sown, and the one which falls in autumn being a feast of thanksgiving
for the bringing home of all the fruits which the trees have produced”…
Let’s look carefully at what Philo is saying. To the seventh day of the week He [the Father above] has assigned the greatest festivals,
in other words the greatest (longest) festivals have been assigned to the seventh day of the week. Philo, keeping the same luni-solar
calendar established in Scripture, calls the first day of each of these seven day feasts the “seventh day of the week”. Scripture says
that both of the seven day feasts (Unleavened Bread and Tabernacles) begin on the 15th day of their respective months.
The seventh day of the week is the Sabbath, is it not? It is the seventh day of the week EVERY year. If the 15th is the weekly Sabbath,
so are the 8th, 22nd and 29th days of the month. Notice Philo did not say they would receive two holydays of festivals, but one, the
15th. Satyrday Sabbath keepers insist that there will be a satyrday Sabbath that interrupts these seven day feasts, and indeed, if the
Gregorian calendar were the calendar of Scripture that would be true. But Scripture says nothing of a [satyrday] Sabbath in the middle
of these 7 day feasts.
To prove the seventh day of the week is the same as the 15th, elsewhere Philo states, “And this feast is begun on the fifteenth day
of the month, in the middle of the month, on the day on which the moon is full of light, in consequence on the providence of Elohim
taking care that there shall be no darkness on that day.”
In other words, Philo is saying the weekly Sabbath begins these feasts, and is on the 15th. This proves the Sabbaths by the lunar
calendar because there is no way the weekly Sabbath (the 15th) can begin these two festivals on the 15th in the 1st and 7th month
each year, on a continuous seven day cycle presented by the Gregorian calendar we have today.
Speaking of “lunar” intervals, in Special Laws I. (178), Philo writes…
“…there is one principle of reason by which the moon waxes and wanes in equal intervals, both as it increases and diminishes in
illumination; the seven lambs because it receives the perfect shapes in periods of seven days—the half-moon in the first seven
day period after its conjunction with the sun, full moon in the second; and when it makes its return again, the first is to half-moon,
then it ceases at its conjunction with the sun.” [All emphasis supplied by author/complier of this study.]
The half-moon (first quarter moon) announces the first Sabbath of the month. It is the seventh day of the week, naturally, but this is the
8th day of the month. New moon day is not counted against the week. The full moon rising at the end of the 14th day of the month
announces the 15th as the second Sabbath of the month. If the new moon was counted, the quarter phases (or as Philo describes
them, the moon as it perfects in its own configurations on each seventh day) would not come at the end of the week, disconnecting the
perfection of the lunar cycle from the Sabbath. What God has joined together, let not man put asunder.
Philo gives a second witness in On Mating with the Preliminary Studies, XIX (102)…
“For it is said in the Scripture: On the tenth day of this month let each of them take a sheep according to his house; in order that from
the tenth, there may be consecrated to the tenth, that is to Elohim, the sacrifices which have been preserved in the soul, which is
illuminated in two portions out of the three, until it is entirely changed in every part, and becomes a heavenly brilliancy like a full
moon, at the height of its increase at the end of the second week”.
Please let what Philo just said sink in. His readers in those days understood that the weeks were by the moon, same as in Scripture,
and that at the end of the second week there would be a full moon. This statement needs no interpretation and is impossible to
misunderstand.
The sacred seventh day of the week, which comes at the end of the second week of each month, is a full moon Sabbath (Psalms 81:36).
People would like for us to believe that the months were originally by the moon but the weeks were not. Philo was making a simple observation of how a person can be spiritually illuminated to a full brilliance just like a full moon at the height of its increase at the end
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of the second week. Friend, is there a Sabbath at the end of that second week? Philo did not count the new moon when counting out
the weeks as calendars do today. This statement is very easily proven from the writings of Philo because he states in other places
throughout his book that the full moon is on the 15th each month and he also separates the new moon from the weeks as a separate
feast day. Writers today would instead count the new moon day in counting their weeks, but it is obvious from Philo that he did not.
Philo recognized the same order of the month as is described in Scripture. Ezekiel 46:1 and verse 3 proves that the new moon and
Sabbaths cannot fall on any of the six working days. See also Amos 8:5, II Kings 4:23 and Isaiah 66:22-23 for corroborating
witnesses.If the new moon was counted as the first day of the first week, at the end of the second week the full moon would rise before
the 14th instead of the 15th as Philo plainly declares many times. In other
words you have your new moon worship day, then six work days and then the weekly Sabbath on the 8th day of the moon (Ezekiel
46:1). You then have six more workdays and a full moon on day 15 or at the end of the second week or second seven.This proves the
new moon was not counted in counting out the weeks same as YHVH did not count it in Exodus the 16th chapter when he made the
Sabbath known to Moses. If the new moon was ever counted in counting out the weeks in Scripture, there would be pinpointed weekly
Sabbaths on the 7th, 14th, 21st, 28th etc. Yet, you cannot find these days pinpointed as the weekly Sabbath anywhere in Scripture
because these days are always preparation days for the weekly Sabbath. When Philo spoke of the 10th or 15th day of the month, he
was counting the new moon day in his count, but it is an absolute that when he counted out the week, he did not count the new moon,
which in itself proves lunar weeks. Remember Philo is just stating “how” things were done in his day.
Clement of Alexandria
Clement lived between 150 AD and 215 AD. So well into the 2nd century, the lunar Sabbath was still kept.
In vol. 6, chapter 16 of The Stromata, Clement plainly writes that “in periods of seven days the moon undergoes its changes. In the
first week she becomes half moon; in the second [week], full moon; and in the third [week], in her wane, again half moon; and in the
fourth [week] she disappears.”
Clearly these are lunar weeks that are tied to the phases of the moon.
In The Stromata ch.5 says “[Peter] inferred thus: ‘Neither worship as the Jews...[for] if the moon is not visible, they do not hold the
Sabbath, which is called the first; nor do they hold the new moon, nor the feast of Unleavened Bread, nor the Feast, nor the Great
Day’”
Again, the moon is tied to the Sabbath.
Other Accounts
The first is found in the Talmud the Steinsaltz Edition”, Volume XIV Tractate Ta’anit Part II (1995 by Israel Institute for Talmudic
Publications and Milta Books), pages 205-206. It says the following regarding the destruction of Solomon’s Temple in Jerusalem by
Nebuchadnezzar’s army:
Page 205: “Then late on the day of the ninth, close to nightfall, they set the Temple on fire, and it continued to burn the entire next day,
on the tenth.” Page 206: “When the Temple was destroyed for the first time at the hands of Nebuzaradan [the captain of the guard],
that day was the ninth of Av, and it was the day following Shabbat, and it was the year following the Sabbatical Year.... And similarly
when the Temple was destroyed a second time at the hands of Titus, the destruction occurred on the very same day, on the ninth of
Av.”
Guess what day the ninth day of Av was when Titus destroyed the temple? (The day after the weekly Sabbath, naturally.) If I’ve done
the math right, the ninth day of the month follows the 8th day of the month. Correct? If the 8th day of the month is the Sabbath, so are
the 15th, 22nd and 29th days of the month.
The historian Josephus records Sabbaths that can be pinpointed and they are on the 8th, 15th, 22nd, and 29th and the New moon
was not counted as one of the six workdays. Josephus records an interesting type of strategy by General Pompey and the Romans.
The Roman’s saw that the Hebrews did not fight on the Sabbath unless attacked. So, the Romans simply moved their engines and
battering rams up to the walls on the Sabbath day, which otherwise they could not do, and on the next day, they battered the city. See
page 369-370. Antiquities of the Jews Book 14, Chapter 4, section 3.
“...For although the city [Jerusalem] was taken on the third month, on the day of the fast...” (c) Antiquities of the Jews Book 14,
Chapter 4, section 3, p. 370
Footnote c: Antiquities of the Jews Book 14, Chapter 4:3, page 370: “That is on the twenty-third of Sivan, the annual fast for the
defection and idolatry of Jeroboam, ‘who made my people Israel to sin,’or possibly some other fast might fall into that month, before
and in the days of Josephus.”
How many fasts do YOU know of in the third month? I did not even know of this one. I find this fascinating because Jeroboam is the
one who introduced satyrday worship to Israel. If memory serves me, the 23rd day of the month follows the 22nd day of the month.
Correct? If the 22nd day of the month is the Sabbath, so are the 8th, 15th, and 29th days of the month.
This is not an exhaustive list of historical writings that prove the lunar Sabbath. There is most
certainly much more. But if you're not
convinced by now, there is not enough evidence to ever convince you. The historical record from the Jews themselves proves lunar
Sabbaths.
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